Anomalys are entities in Abiotic Factor that you can catch in a Test Tube. With these, you'll be able to use them for different crafting methods. However, the process of getting them can be time consuming and a bit confusing. Here's some info on how to get Anomalys, and what they can be used for in Abiotic Factor.
First, you'll need to get a test tube. A test tube can be crafted using Glass Scrap and a Wood Plank. One of each will yield you a test tube.
Once you have crafted a few test tubes, it's time to go find and put Anomalys in them. Nocturnal Anomalys, as stated in the name, can be found at nightime. Simply go around and look for floating ghostlike figures and walk up to them. Press E
to capture them in the test tube.
Now that you have an Anomaly, you can use it to craft a few different important things in the game. These consist of: Anomalous Compost, Anomalous Fertilizer, Pest Teleporters, and Transmogrifiers.
Transmogrifiers are unique deployables that allow you to change the appearance of your character, which is by far the most useful reason you would be catching anomalies.
If you plan on storing Anomalies, be aware that they spoil quickly, even inside Fridges. So make sure you know what you want to do with them and have all the other materials ready when you hunt them.